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This Special Issue includes fifteen original state-of-the-art research articles from leading scholars that examine cross-linguistic influence in bilingual speech. These experimental studies contribute to the growing number of studies on multilingual phonetics and phonology by introducing novel empirical data collection techniques, sophisticated methodologies, and acoustic analyses, while also presenting findings that provide robust theoretical implications to a variety of subfields, such as L2 acquisition, L3 acquisition, laboratory phonology, acoustic phonetics, psycholinguistics, sociophonetics, blingualism, and language contact. These studies in this book further elucidate the nature of phonetic interactions in the context of bilingualism and multilingualism and outline future directions in multilingual phonetics and phonology research.

Language --- second language acquisition --- phonology --- discrimination --- cross-linguistic assimilation --- obstruent --- affricate --- fricative --- dialect --- English --- Spanish --- L1 attrition --- speech --- foreign accent --- accent perception --- bilingual --- teacher --- bilingualism --- phonetics --- language mode --- cross-linguistic influence --- transfer --- voice onset time --- global accent rating --- American English --- Russian --- voicing --- classroom learning --- first language drift --- perceptual learning --- individual differences --- phonetic sensitivity --- crosslinguistic influence --- Korean --- laryngeal contrast --- vowel inventory --- heritage bilingualism --- early bilingualism --- speech production --- multilingualism --- third language acquisition --- speech perception --- rhotics --- final obstruent devoicing --- Korean Americans --- California Vowel Shift --- second language phonology --- immigrant minority speakers --- sound change --- Spanish-English bilinguals --- gender --- vowels --- vowel centralization --- vowel sequences --- sociophonetics --- competence --- fricative epithesis --- vowel devoicing --- center of gravity --- French --- acquisition --- agentivity --- directionality --- fricative (de)voicing --- Catalan–Spanish contact --- intonation --- language contact --- language attitudes --- social factors --- Basque --- Perceptual Assimilation Model --- second language speech learning --- English /r/ and /l/ --- Japanese --- English as a second language --- categorical perception --- compromise VOT --- voice timing --- performance mismatches --- dynamic phonetic interactions --- acoustic similarity --- perceptual similarity --- non-native discrimination --- non-native categorisation

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue includes fifteen original state-of-the-art research articles from leading scholars that examine cross-linguistic influence in bilingual speech. These experimental studies contribute to the growing number of studies on multilingual phonetics and phonology by introducing novel empirical data collection techniques, sophisticated methodologies, and acoustic analyses, while also presenting findings that provide robust theoretical implications to a variety of subfields, such as L2 acquisition, L3 acquisition, laboratory phonology, acoustic phonetics, psycholinguistics, sociophonetics, blingualism, and language contact. These studies in this book further elucidate the nature of phonetic interactions in the context of bilingualism and multilingualism and outline future directions in multilingual phonetics and phonology research.

Language --- second language acquisition --- phonology --- discrimination --- cross-linguistic assimilation --- obstruent --- affricate --- fricative --- dialect --- English --- Spanish --- L1 attrition --- speech --- foreign accent --- accent perception --- bilingual --- teacher --- bilingualism --- phonetics --- language mode --- cross-linguistic influence --- transfer --- voice onset time --- global accent rating --- American English --- Russian --- voicing --- classroom learning --- first language drift --- perceptual learning --- individual differences --- phonetic sensitivity --- crosslinguistic influence --- Korean --- laryngeal contrast --- vowel inventory --- heritage bilingualism --- early bilingualism --- speech production --- multilingualism --- third language acquisition --- speech perception --- rhotics --- final obstruent devoicing --- Korean Americans --- California Vowel Shift --- second language phonology --- immigrant minority speakers --- sound change --- Spanish-English bilinguals --- gender --- vowels --- vowel centralization --- vowel sequences --- sociophonetics --- competence --- fricative epithesis --- vowel devoicing --- center of gravity --- French --- acquisition --- agentivity --- directionality --- fricative (de)voicing --- Catalan–Spanish contact --- intonation --- language contact --- language attitudes --- social factors --- Basque --- Perceptual Assimilation Model --- second language speech learning --- English /r/ and /l/ --- Japanese --- English as a second language --- categorical perception --- compromise VOT --- voice timing --- performance mismatches --- dynamic phonetic interactions --- acoustic similarity --- perceptual similarity --- non-native discrimination --- non-native categorisation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This Special Issue includes fifteen original state-of-the-art research articles from leading scholars that examine cross-linguistic influence in bilingual speech. These experimental studies contribute to the growing number of studies on multilingual phonetics and phonology by introducing novel empirical data collection techniques, sophisticated methodologies, and acoustic analyses, while also presenting findings that provide robust theoretical implications to a variety of subfields, such as L2 acquisition, L3 acquisition, laboratory phonology, acoustic phonetics, psycholinguistics, sociophonetics, blingualism, and language contact. These studies in this book further elucidate the nature of phonetic interactions in the context of bilingualism and multilingualism and outline future directions in multilingual phonetics and phonology research.

second language acquisition --- phonology --- discrimination --- cross-linguistic assimilation --- obstruent --- affricate --- fricative --- dialect --- English --- Spanish --- L1 attrition --- speech --- foreign accent --- accent perception --- bilingual --- teacher --- bilingualism --- phonetics --- language mode --- cross-linguistic influence --- transfer --- voice onset time --- global accent rating --- American English --- Russian --- voicing --- classroom learning --- first language drift --- perceptual learning --- individual differences --- phonetic sensitivity --- crosslinguistic influence --- Korean --- laryngeal contrast --- vowel inventory --- heritage bilingualism --- early bilingualism --- speech production --- multilingualism --- third language acquisition --- speech perception --- rhotics --- final obstruent devoicing --- Korean Americans --- California Vowel Shift --- second language phonology --- immigrant minority speakers --- sound change --- Spanish-English bilinguals --- gender --- vowels --- vowel centralization --- vowel sequences --- sociophonetics --- competence --- fricative epithesis --- vowel devoicing --- center of gravity --- French --- acquisition --- agentivity --- directionality --- fricative (de)voicing --- Catalan–Spanish contact --- intonation --- language contact --- language attitudes --- social factors --- Basque --- Perceptual Assimilation Model --- second language speech learning --- English /r/ and /l/ --- Japanese --- English as a second language --- categorical perception --- compromise VOT --- voice timing --- performance mismatches --- dynamic phonetic interactions --- acoustic similarity --- perceptual similarity --- non-native discrimination --- non-native categorisation

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Forest ecosystems are important habitats for a vast number of species worldwide. These ecosystems are degrading faster than they are regenerating, due to the increased demand for natural resources. In order to protect these ecosystems, the designation of Protected Areas (PAs) has become the primary policy tool for forest conservation. The articles included in this book explore challenges and opportunities within forest PAs, focusing on four main themes. The first theme refers to current initiatives in forest management across the world, reflecting the efforts of several organizations in halting deforestation. Major challenges are also identified, reflecting the declining rates of forest coverage across the world. A second theme refers to policy planning processes withing existing governance frameworks focusing, in particular, on the level of engagement of local stakeholders. A third theme of the book refers to social equity and how the impacts of forest PAs are distributed among different users. A final theme in the SI refers to potential solutions in order to halt the loss of biodiversity within forest ecosystems. Several directions are proposed by the authors that can be useful for policy makers and practitioners, especially in the context of the 30 by 30 targets.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography --- biodiversity --- ecosystem services --- West Africa --- incentives --- Sustainable Development Goals --- participation --- co-management --- forest users --- benefits --- ACA --- Nepal --- urban forest --- institutional design --- land use planning --- Serbia --- governance --- forests --- environment --- Malawi --- Photovoice --- conservation --- policy --- community-based forest management --- participatory forest management --- biodiversity conservation --- nature conservation policy --- operational environment --- legal --- economic and social factors --- evaluation framework --- protected areas --- Natura 2000 network --- conservation estate --- conservation planning --- bottomland hardwood forest --- deforestation --- isolation --- buffer areas --- Tanzania --- social network analysis (SNA) --- cooperation and conflict networks --- stakeholders’ involvement --- participatory process --- Natura 2000 management Programme --- anthropology --- land use and access --- flexibility --- Bakweri --- Mount Cameroon National Park --- reserve network --- large trees --- snags --- coarse woody debris --- regression model --- habitat conditions --- strict protection --- managed forests --- tree cover loss --- global forest --- State Forests --- nature protection --- financing --- decision making --- responsibility --- implementation of protective measures --- Poland --- silviculture --- timber distribution --- benefit-sharing --- elite --- community forestry --- abiotic dispersal --- animal dispersal --- distance–decay --- forest fragmentation --- sacred forest --- sacred grove --- South Gondar Administrative Zone --- conflict --- national parks --- management --- pandemic --- public health --- wellbeing --- n/a --- stakeholders' involvement --- distance-decay

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Forest ecosystems are important habitats for a vast number of species worldwide. These ecosystems are degrading faster than they are regenerating, due to the increased demand for natural resources. In order to protect these ecosystems, the designation of Protected Areas (PAs) has become the primary policy tool for forest conservation. The articles included in this book explore challenges and opportunities within forest PAs, focusing on four main themes. The first theme refers to current initiatives in forest management across the world, reflecting the efforts of several organizations in halting deforestation. Major challenges are also identified, reflecting the declining rates of forest coverage across the world. A second theme refers to policy planning processes withing existing governance frameworks focusing, in particular, on the level of engagement of local stakeholders. A third theme of the book refers to social equity and how the impacts of forest PAs are distributed among different users. A final theme in the SI refers to potential solutions in order to halt the loss of biodiversity within forest ecosystems. Several directions are proposed by the authors that can be useful for policy makers and practitioners, especially in the context of the 30 by 30 targets.

biodiversity --- ecosystem services --- West Africa --- incentives --- Sustainable Development Goals --- participation --- co-management --- forest users --- benefits --- ACA --- Nepal --- urban forest --- institutional design --- land use planning --- Serbia --- governance --- forests --- environment --- Malawi --- Photovoice --- conservation --- policy --- community-based forest management --- participatory forest management --- biodiversity conservation --- nature conservation policy --- operational environment --- legal --- economic and social factors --- evaluation framework --- protected areas --- Natura 2000 network --- conservation estate --- conservation planning --- bottomland hardwood forest --- deforestation --- isolation --- buffer areas --- Tanzania --- social network analysis (SNA) --- cooperation and conflict networks --- stakeholders’ involvement --- participatory process --- Natura 2000 management Programme --- anthropology --- land use and access --- flexibility --- Bakweri --- Mount Cameroon National Park --- reserve network --- large trees --- snags --- coarse woody debris --- regression model --- habitat conditions --- strict protection --- managed forests --- tree cover loss --- global forest --- State Forests --- nature protection --- financing --- decision making --- responsibility --- implementation of protective measures --- Poland --- silviculture --- timber distribution --- benefit-sharing --- elite --- community forestry --- abiotic dispersal --- animal dispersal --- distance–decay --- forest fragmentation --- sacred forest --- sacred grove --- South Gondar Administrative Zone --- conflict --- national parks --- management --- pandemic --- public health --- wellbeing --- n/a --- stakeholders' involvement --- distance-decay